Understanding degree levels: bachelor, master, MBA and doctorate

Names and lengths of degrees vary by country, but the general ladder is similar almost everywhere.

Bachelor's degree

The first university qualification. It builds a broad base in a subject and is the usual route to a master's degree.

Master's degree

A postgraduate degree that goes deeper into one field or lets you change fields. Some are research-oriented and prepare for a doctorate; others are professional.

MBA

A Master of Business Administration is a management degree. Many programs ask for work experience, so check the entry requirements on the official page.

Doctorate or PhD

A research degree based on an original piece of work. In many countries doctoral candidates are employed or funded rather than paying tuition, but this differs widely; confirm it with the university.

Preparatory and foundation programs

Courses that prepare students for a degree, often to meet language or subject requirements.

Certificates and short courses

Shorter programs for specific skills. They do not replace a degree, but may count towards one at some universities.